来源:长春市新东方雅思托福培训中心时间:2016/4/13 14:00:41
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在托福听力考试中,通常我们认为main idea作为lecture和conversation的题,应该是必须要做对的。但是事实上,我们往往容易错的就是题。为什么?有什么理由整篇文章都感觉听懂了,居然做错了题?下面和朗阁托福一起看看做题的几个误区:
误区一
从OG的题型分类上大家可以看到main idea属于basic comprehension的,包括两种:gist content & gist purpose。我们要先弄清楚这两个之间有什么区别?看看OG的解说:
内容主旨题:内容主旨题要求考生理解讲座或对话的主旨大意。材料有时会明确地提出主旨,有时则会很含蓄。内容主旨题会要求考生对所听到的信息进行归纳总结。
n 典型问法:
? What problem does the man have?
? What are the speakers mainly discussing?
? What is the main topic of the lecture?
? What is the lecture mainly about?
? What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
目的主旨题:目的主旨题主要考查的是对话的目的而非内容。此类问题较有可能出现在对话中,但偶尔也会出现在讲座中。
n 典型问法:
? Why does the student visit the professor?
? Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
? Why did the professor ask to see the student?
? Why does the professor explain X?
OG典型的提问法里我们会看到,不管是conversation还是lecture都有可能考查content,提问法里以what开头;反过来,purpose都是以why来提问的且以conversation为主的,所以同学在做题的时候要记得看清楚题到底是问what还是why,what则通常选内容,答案可能是在开头也可能自己归纳,why则选目的通常在开头。
同学们可能会觉得都是main idea都是主旨,应该没什么区别?举个例子来看看,假如我和A同学start a conversation说,A能不能借100块给我?然后开始七聊八聊恒大踢球赢了,各种兴奋……问目的我们要答的是借钱,问内容我们要答的是恒大。That’s the difference. 所以我们在做题的时候要区分清楚what和why。
误区二
是所有的lecture都要问content,TPO经常是换着来问的What is the main purpose of the lecture?
比如:
12. What is the main purpose of the lecture? (TPO10 L2)
A To describe the trade in food crops between Europe and Americas
B To describe the introduction of American food crops to Europeans
C To describe the influence of American food crops on traditional Europeans
D To describe the difficulties of growing American food crops in European climate
解析:这是一道同学们很容易做错的题目,大部分都爱选C,选完还特别肯定自己没错,题目要求是purpose,而C项表达的是文章的后半部分的内容,food对欧洲历史的影响,而非题干所要的purpose。整个lecture讲述的是美国食物被引入欧洲的情况,正解就只有B。
误区三
总选择清晰的detail,失分!用排除法。
从上述的OG给出的说法,我们知道main idea有时候会明确给出,有时候比较含蓄,要自己总结归纳。大家心里犯愁了以为听得清楚的,或者反复听到过的内容就一定对了,其实不然。
例1 why does the man go to see his professor? (OG第二版 P157 track1)
A To borrow some charts and graphs from her
B To ask her to explain some statistical procedures
C To talk about a report he is writing
D To discuss a grade he got on a paper
正解是C,有些同学总是选B,他们分得清楚文章开头没有出现过A/D两项,觉得C概括得太厉害,感觉听到了statistical procedures,其实听到的是:
S: Uh, excuse me, Professor Thompson. I know your office hours are tomorrow, but was wondering if you had a few minutes free now to discuss something.
P: Sure, John. What did you want to talk?
S: Well, I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semester about climate variations.
把research project听成procedure了。听错了是硬伤,继续精听!巧的同学是听how to write来判断的,而且没有ask to explain的迹象。
例2 What is the purpose of the lecture? (TPO1 L1)
A To explain the difference between two artistic styles
B To describe a new art gallery to the class
C To introduce an artist’s work to the class
D To show how artists’ styles can evolve over time
正解C。A是大家较容易选的,套回笔记看看全文有没有对比过异同点,没有,只介绍了两幅画,同样的,B、D都没有。
例3 What is the main purpose of the lecture? (TPO18 L3)
A To explore the use of spices in cooking in the Middle Ages
B To explain the significance of spices for medieval society
C To describe how the spice trade evolved in medieval Europe
D To examine changes in the role that spices played in the Middle Age
正解B。A讲cooking是细节点,C讲trade是细节点,D更可以排除spices的role没有change,spices change了欧洲人的生活。
以上总结的是做主旨题的误区。我们有时候很难自己归纳出主旨,大家可以使用排除法,明确三项是错误的,选那个我们不太确定的。
排除以后还可以检验我们不确定的那一项是否一定是正确答案。1 该选项是否带有概括性,是否存在带有summary性质的词,这个词能不能概括整篇文章,还是只能概括其中一个清晰的detail;2 选项有summary是不是有具体的限定成分,限定成分表述往往是有误的。
例 What is the professor mainly discussing? (OG第二版 P166 track5)
A The development of motor skills in children
B How psychologists measure muscle activity in the throat
C A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinking
D A study on deaf people’s problem-solving techniques
正解C。A、D没有提过,B项限定成分in the throat,C项有概括性质。
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